Avaliação ecocardiográfica em adultos jovens sobrepesados e obesos: há marcadores precoces de cardiomiopatia?

Abstract

Obesity and overweight are a worldwide epidemic. Obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state that can be associated with myocardial dysfunction. The effects of obesity in the heart's structure and function have been related, but its effects specifically in young adults are little known. This research’s objective was to study the impact of overweight and obesity in the heart’s structure and function, evaluated by conventional and new echocardiographic technologies in young adults. This is a retrospective study that analyzed 289 medical records of young adults (18 to 40 years old) that were allocated into 3 groups (eutrophic, overweight and obesity) according to body mass index. Echocardiographic exams data that were performed by means of bidimensional echocardiographic evaluation, echocardiographic monitorization and tissue doppler image acquisition were analyzed. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and left ventricular mass, left ventricular diastolic and systolic diameters, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, E/e’ and impairment of strain global longitudinal; and a negative correlation between body mass index and left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0.05). Overweight and obesity groups showed greater left ventricular mass, left ventricular diastolic and systolic diameters, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, E/e’ and impairment of strain global longitudinal, and smaller values of left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0,05). Strain global longitudinal was altered in 71% of obese subjects. In young adults, overweight and obesity were associated with heart's structure and function alterations when compared to eutrophic subjects. The majority of obese young adults showed strain global longitudinal altered.