O uso de experimentos reais e virtuais para o ensino de circuitos elétricos simples e automáticos

Abstract

The objective of this work was to develop a sequence of activities regarding simple and automatic electrical circuits that can be applied through the real experiments and/or virtual simulators, aimed at students of the third year of High School. To set up the experiments, computer simulators of easy interaction and free of charge were used. The adopted strategy used in the product development was based on the POE investigative approach (Predict, Observe and Explain), having as reference some pedagogical implications of Vygotsky, being that the classes were structured in three moments. Initially, a problem was presented to the students to contextualize activities. In the second moment, the POE approach was used to discuss the necessary knowledge to understand the themes of the classes. In the third moment, the initial problem was re-discussed and/or other activities, related to the themes of the classes, were presented. In 2019, the product was pre-applied in person. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the final product was applied in remote mode using virtual experiments through the Tinkercad simulator, sending videos and/or making demonstrations of real experiments using the computer camera. The results reveal that the adopted strategy has made the classes more motivating and has enabled the participation of students in increasingly complex activities, showing that it has the potential to facilitate and contribute to the teaching of electrical circuits in modality presential or remote. In addition, the proposal resulted in a low-cost kit that can be used to address content other than electrodynamics.