A crise capital em Marx: o debate contemporâneo entre os marxistas

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze Marxist tradition’s current debate in relation to Marx’s understanding of capitalist crisis’. From the use of dialectical materialism, it went through the following steps: a) elaboration of the state of the art of the edition for publication of the manuscripts left by Marx after his death until today; b) bibliographic reconstruction of Marx's expositive plans for the elaboration of political economy critique, especially in regards to capital crisis; c) analysis of contemporary defenses about mono and plural causality of crisis in Marx, as well as other defenses that position themselves beyond this polarization. With this objective in mind, the following bibliographic materials were considered: a) philological studies carried out through the evolution of the Marx Engels Gesamtausgabe (MEGA) project; b) Marx's expositive plans, from Grundrisse to Capital; c) texts by David Harvey, Michael Heinrich, Michael Roberts, Alan Freeman, Riccardo Bellofiore, Hector Benoit and Jadir Antunes related to the debate on crisis theory in Marx. It was possible to obtain as results of this investigation: a) the philological recovery of Marx's texts followed the interests of Eastern European states, until the end of its existence; b) as for the current publications, they show unpublished materials that were edited in the previous period in order to appear completed by Marx, when in fact they remain in unfinished stages, which reopened several discussions, among them, the one of capital crisis; c) The evolution of the expositive plans for the critique of political economy, from the project of six to four books, was about the application of the dialectical method, in the general/abstract to particular/concrete sense; d) if, on the one hand, in Grundrisse, Marx explicitly addresses the issue of the crisis, but leaves the analysis of the concrete exposure of its mechanism for a later moment, on the other hand, in Capital, despite formulating the law of tendency of the rate of profit to fall, he does not shy away from the theme of capitalist crises; e) the authors' defenses about Marx's explanation of the crisis are shown intrinsically related to the method of conducting their analysis; f) among the methods used by the authors, that one that showed more coherence was the one that characterized crisis theory, contained in the dialectic exposition of Capital, as a synthesis of capital’s contradictory totality (BENOIT; ANTUNES, 2016). The study concluded, on the other hand, the need to update the analyzes of Benoit and Antunes (2016), considering the recent philological discoveries and the characteristics of contemporary crisis’, contemplated in the investigations of other authors.