Os impactos dos eventos extremos de precipitação no município de Petrópolis-RJ: um estudo socioambiental

Abstract

This research aimed to study the impacts of extreme precipitation events in the city of Petrópolis- RJ from the approach of Climate Geography, the Urban Climate System and the Impact Geography. We sought to understand the impacts from a socio-environmental approach in which the distribution of impacts is related to the distribution of subjects in the city space to the detriment of the social vulnerability of these city dwellers. The research was developed in three spheres, 1- atmospheric analysis that consisted of the definition of the term/ concept of extreme event, the static techniques of definition and their applications; sinotic analysis of the events addressed 2- approach to surface atmosphere contact that was based on the study of impacts and 3- analysis of social vulnerability and its correlation with impacts. For both events analyzed, it was observed that the areas of greatest social vulnerability were the areas with the highest total impacts, while the areas with very low social vulnerability conditions were in smaller or nonexistent, confirming the premise supported theoretically by climate geography. Two most significant events were selected to deepen the socio-environmental impact study in relation to total impacts, being January 2007 and January 2016. For Jan.2007, significant performance of ZCAS, LI, mPa and SF was observed, and for days with impact recording (17 days throughout the month), The ZCAS presented 28.33% of performance, followed by THE with 23.33%, mTa and SF both with 16.67% and the mPa with 8.33 and ZCOU with 6.67%. Considering that social vulnerability based on income indicators, education and quality of housing was the methodological path chosen for the understanding and approach of the distribution (unequal) of subjects and impacts throughout the municipality, through the data, it was observed that the neighborhoods Carangola, Pedro do Rio, Retiro and Posse presented the highest total impacts with (344, 61, 54 and 48 respectively) as well as the number of census tracts in significant high condition and very high vulnerability. For the January 2016 event, a very significant performance of the participation of ZCAS was observed with 45% of performance throughout the month, concentrating between the 10th and 25th, with 70% of its participation related to the days with impact record in the municipality. The distribution of impacts was similar to that of January 2007 with regard to neighborhoods with relevant percentages of sectors in the classes of high and very high social vulnerability. The neighborhoods with the highest impact totals were: Pedro do Rio (218), Fazenda Inglesa (158), Itaipava (155), Posse (96) and Cascatinha (34). It was observed, therefore, that the areas in the worst conditions of social vulnerability are the most affected by the impacts of rainfall in the municipality, the areas with the best classifications had few or no impacts. This condition demonstrates that for the municipality, according to the event studied, the prerogative that the types of time acting on a space built of unequal cool generates problems of unequal climatic origin (SANT'ANNA NETO, 2008).