Gênero e representações da feminilidade no surrealismo: Leonora Carrington e Remedios Varo como estudos do caso

Abstract

Surrealism was an artistic avant-garde that elevated a woman as a muse, catalyst for the artist's creative release, source of imagination and privileged access to the unconscious and revolutionary dimensions. Many artists relate to the Breton group and actively produce, although they are not remembered as important contributions to the movement. Among them are Remedios Varo and Leonora Carrington, who arrived at the group at the time of the greatest flow of female artists, the last years of 1930. The present work intends to analyze, from the gender discussions, the dominant operational mode of Art History and art institutions, and also as conditions of sociability of artists in general and specific to what are the case studiesn a second moment, we seek to understand how they articulate in their works the notions of woman, female and body, in comparison with the productions of some contemporary surrealists, such as André Breton, Hans Bellmer and Max Ernst. Finally, from an overview of the life and work of these two artists during exile in Mexico, we try to look at their productions from the same perspectives. We seek to understand if the works of Carrington and Varo reproduce the conceptions linked to the surrealist muse or if they seek to subvert them, in a dialogue that allows a parallel about the difference they establish with the masculine perspective about the feminine, the woman and their social roles.