A dinâmica da violência: análise geográfica dos homicídios ocorridos em Juiz de Fora entre os anos de 1980 a 2012

Abstract

Faced with escalating violence mediated in Juiz de Fora and its multifaceted aspect, contextualize, at different levels of analysis, the complexities intrinsic to the dynamics of violent in urban. Through bibliographical references, selected as variables investigative violent crime and homicide, adding data from the Ministry of Health, Military Police and Civil Police . The integration of this database allowed enlarge the timeline of information , covering 33 years of analysis and associated clinical information (from the death certificates) and criminal (resulting from police records) , municipal and urban. Through analyzes daily, monthly, seasonal, annual and spatial outcomes were related to other variables that allowed investigative conjecture and answer the questions identified in the perspective of environmental influences. Among the variables most often associated with socio- environmental dynamics, were selected as the climatological temperature, precipitation, cloudiness and atmospheric pressure and, among these, a greater propensity to thermal variables, as shown by the records of instantaneous temperature , maximum temperature and temperature minimum, provided by the Laboratory of Climatology and Environmental Analysis FUJF. Integrated approaches to socio-spatial dynamics contemplated census variables related to income, education, infrastructure and demographics. After the organization of the database, information was tabulated, graphed and spatialized, allowing to describe their behavior, comparisons, similarities and differences, core description and understanding of related factors. The results for violent crime pointed to the denial of the assumptions of the hottest and the effect of the carnival, pointing to areas of urban expansion, commercial corridors, low incomes and high percentages of unemployed households. The deaths by homicide ratified the growth of occurrences in the last decade and significant correlations with the monthly climatological variables, concentrated mostly in periods of greater heat. The analysis of homicides criminalized had distinct behaviors, signaling an increase records in the periods that best exemplify the urban and recreational activities. The spatial distribution of the data revealed 29 urban areas (35,8 % in urban areas) as the most violent . In describing how the different uses of space - judge Forano , over time , configured different (Earth) spellings of violence , we contextualize the need to examine the issues holistically, considering both to the characteristics of the environment, its dynamics and heterogeneities.