A perspectiva territorial na PNAS: um estudo a partir dos equipamentos de CRAS territorializados em Juiz de Fora

Abstract

The construction of the Social Assistance policy in Brazil is a mixture of advances and setbacks. Although based on the Federal Constitution of 1988, this policy needs struggles and achievements to ensure that its target audience is met in its social needs. Thus, we have a milestone in the year 2005, which is the implementation of SUAS. New organizational bases are put in place and social assistance, as well as health policy, starts to rely on the territorial approach as an instrument of management and proximity between state equipment and the population. But for social assistance policy, we are locating families living in an area of social vulnerability and risk, so thinking about the socio-welfare territories, requires thinking of absences and deprivations from the point of view of urban policies, housing policies , sanitation, health, among others, that make of a territory, space of struggles and conquests of rights. Often, the State defines the territory, as an area of coverage, as a way of delimiting its space of intervention. However, when we are in front of the territory, other glances become important for the recognition of the subject: Its relation with the space. Territorialities, which can enhance social assistance actions, when well recognized and worked. They can also recognize the territories in disputes and in conflicts presented by the socio-welfare territories. In order to decode the territory and its territorial, material and immaterial territory, social assistance defines a new function as public policy: socio-welfare surveillance. It is up to the surveillance, through studies and information, to unveil the territory, so that the public equipment of CRAS, can understand this subject and assist him in the crossing of access to the socioassistential rights. Here, Milton Santos' reference brings geography to a dialogue with social assistance. If the territory used is a concept that sustains SUAS, other thoughts of Santos help us in the understanding of the subject and the territory. Banal space, slow men, uprightness and horizontality bring complexity to the territory, and sometimes vulnerabilities and risks can prevent us from seeing the potentialities that appear in space. Such potentialities are very important for the recognition of the subject and for us to plan the socio-assistance actions. The research goes through this path, relating the concept of territory, its incorporation by PNAS and how they are translated in planning and execution within the municipality. The experience of socio-welfare surveillance in Juiz de Fora indicates an important path to be covered between social assistance and geography. But for this, we need to break some barriers to understanding the material territory, more obvious and immaterial territory, to be unveiled, tangentiando the territory and territorialities, within the ambit of SUAS. Delimiting the territories, to guarantee to ensure the fulfillment of public policies is the beginning, but the point of arrival and departure, is the approach of the slow man, in order to identify forces and find a way to the challenge of transforming socioassistential services into rights social rights.