A rua no documentário: experiência estética e política e o risco do espectador

Abstract

The understanding of the construction of meanings in documentaries goes through an evaluation of their aesthetics and also of the politics that cross them. Such topics have been the focus of discussions in academic and professional environments, emphasizing that different operations of the dispositif and the enunciated can lead to different perceptions. In the case of works that broaching marginalized people, these issues become even more latent and worthy of evaluation, due to the impact that these films can have on the viewer's vision and its conduct in the social bosom. Thus, the present research proposes an approach of the contemporary documentary, covering the forms of encounter and enunciation, the operations in the image and its impact on the spectator. Therefore, it takes as reference ideas proposed by the philosophers Michel Foucault, Jacques Rancière, Giorgio Agamben and Georges Didi- Huberman and works of film and documentary's researchers Jean Louis Comolli, Bill Nichols and other brazilian theorists. The aim is to understand the power of images that insert the viewer into the risk, shifting it from its place and inviting it to the distribution of the sensible. Such an approach has the hypothesis that in mobilizing the viewer in this way, he is led to a more in-depth reflection on the issue presented in the film. For this, this study is divided in an initial theoretical approach and another part with the analysis of two documentaries, À margem da imagem (2003), by Evaldo Mocarzel and Quando a casa é a rua (2012), by Theresa Jessouroun. The discussions dealt with in this research point to the idea that in the films that broading the marginalized person, the exercise of undermining the certainties and convictions of the spectator, avoiding the reinforcement of stereotypes, as well as the attempt to open the image incorporating elements of uncertainty may be strategies to get the viewer to think about their reality, values and stigmas that loads and so rouse him for a new point of view that brings the power of transformation.