Aspectos clínicos e socioeconômicos envolvidos na ocorrência de doenças dermatológicas em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde de Governador Valadares

Abstract

Introduction: Dermatological diseases affect 1.9 billion people in the world and are considered a major public health problem, especially in primary health care (PHC). The skin, in addition to presenting its own diseases, is an important site of cutaneous manifestation of systemic disease and this understanding is essential to prevent inappropriate diagnosis and treatment. Understand the relationship between previous clinical, dermatological and socioeconomic conditions, both micro and macro-regional, is important for better planning and implementation of health policies. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between clinical and socioeconomic factors in the occurrence of dermatological conditions in PHC users in Governador Valadares (GV). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that included 72 participants from PHC who had an indication for dermatological treatment and are referred to Basic Health Unit in GV. The participants underwent a dermatological clinical medical care in which they answered two questionnaires, one with clinical data and the other with socioeconomic data, in addition to measurements of mass, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure, among others. They then underwent dermatological evaluation and 10 participants required skin biopsy to elucidate the diagnosis. Results: The sample had a predominance of females (66.7%), a mean age of 52.15 years (SD=18.01) and a high frequency of comorbidities (69.45%). Class C was the most representative (75%). Inflammatory diseases were the most prevalent diagnoses (59.2%), followed by neoplasms (26.8%). There was a predominance of inflammatory diseases in adults aged 18 to 39 years and a higher occurrence of neoplastic diseases in the elderly. Conclusion: The analysis showed clinical and socioeconomic inequalities in the profile of the dermatoses, with a predominance of inflammatory conditions in adults aged 18 to 39 years and a higher occurrence of neoplasms in the elderly. The use of sunscreen was associated with a lower risk of inflammatory diseases, while advanced age was a determining factor for a higher chance of skin neoplasms. These results reinforce the importance of targeted preventive actions, especially in more vulnerable populations, with emphasis on the use of sunscreen.